Reminding the nation to fulfil Mahatma Gandhi’s pledge of “wiping every tear in every eye”, President Pratibha Patil today regretted that the benefits of a surging economy have not percolated to weaker sections.

In her maiden Republic Day address to the nation, the President also called for strong measures to remove corruption and collective action to combat terrorism.

“Our efforts and our commitment, while pursuing the goal of high growth rates, should be to ensure that all people of our country benefit from it. Our pledge will remain unfulfilled until, as Gandhiji had said – we have wiped every tear in every eye,” Patil said in her address on the eve of 59th Republic Day.

The President said the country cannot look at the future without addressing the needs of under-privileged and disadvantaged sections of the society.

Referring to several flagship programmes like Bharat Nirman and Rural Health Mission, employment schemes in rural areas, she said their implementation “remains a challenge” and needed to be executed in a time-bound and transparent manner.

Warning that terrorism constituted a grave threat to the civilised world, the President said the continuing terror attacks were reminders of the need to take collective action. PTI

The five men are leaders of the non-governmental Hindu Rights Action Force (Hindraf), which had spearheaded a mass protest in November last year against the alleged marginalisation of ethnic Indians in this country. The rally, which was declared illegal by the government, was attended by over 20,000 ethnic Indians.

The detainees will begin their fast in jail on Sunday and will drink only water for at least five days, lawyer N Surendran, who is representing one of the five men said today.

The five that their detention is illegal and claim that the government took them into custody for politically motivated reasons, according to the lawyer.

The activists, who were detained last month under the Internal Security Act, are accused of threatening public security and inciting racial hatred in this multi-racial nation.

Malaysia’s population of 27 million people comprises majority Malays who are all Muslims, 25 percent ethnic Chinese who are Buddhists and Christians, 7.8 per cent Indians who are mostly Hindus with origin from Tamil Nadu.

The Indians were brought here by the British almost 200 years ago as indentured labourers to work in plantations. While some of them left when India attained independence in 1947, many opted to stay back and settled here. PTI

The nuclear issue is expected to figure in the talks that Brown will have with Prime Minister Manmohan Singh here on Monday. The Summit talks will also cover the subjects of terrorism, climate change and business cooperation besides regional issues.

“Civil Nuclear cooperation (between India and the UK) is dependent on international status (of rules of trade),” British High Commissioner Sir Richard Stagg said while briefing journalists on Brown’s two-day maiden visit here.

Noting that Britain supports the Indo-US nuclear deal, he said the agreement will “open opportunities for collaboration which do not exist at present”.

However, Stagg said the “real opportunity for major India-UK collaboration will require changes” in the status of international rules which New Delhi “is trying to do” with the IAEA and the 45-nation Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG).

As part of the Indo-US deal, India is engaged in talks with IAEA for a safeguards agreement, after which it will have to approach the NSG for changes in its rules to allow international community to have trade in the field with New Delhi.

The High Commissioner said the Brown government was keen on enhancing Britain’s nuclear capacity. “We see ourselves using international expertise,” he said, suggesting the scope for cooperation with India. PTI

Kunjikilian (63) admitted of having opened up as many as five graves in the dead of the night to collect human parts, police said.

A skull, pieces of bone and other human parts were recovered by police in the search conducted at Kunjikkilian’s house close to the graveyard.

When questioned, Kunjikkilian admitted that he used to sell the body parts to a drug making firm in Kochi which used to sell its products as “wonder cure” for a host of ailments, they said.

Kunjikilian fell into the police net following investigations based on complaints from local people who saw the graves being dug up at Kotathara graveyard in Ponnani.

People living in the area had earlier complained of “mysterious movement” of strangers during the nights. PTI

My friend sent this to me and encouraged me to post it and spread the word. I agree. If everyone can remember something this simple, we could save some folks. Please read:

STROKE IDENTIFICATION:

During a BBQ, a friend stumbled and took a little fall – she assured everyone that she was fine (they offered to call paramedics) and just tripped over a brick because of her new shoes. They got her cleaned up and got her a new plate of food – while she appeared a bit shaken up, Ingrid went about enjoying herself the rest of the evening. Ingrid’s husband called later telling everyone that his wife had been taken to the hospital – (at 6:00pm , Ingrid passed away.) She had suffered a stroke at the BBQ. Had they known how to identify the signs of a stroke, perhaps Ingrid would be with us today. Some don’t die. They end up in a helpless, hopeless condition instead. It only takes a minute to read this…

A neurologist says that if he can get to a stroke victim within 3 hours he
can totally reverse the effects of a stroke…totally. He said the trick was
getting a stroke recognized, diagnosed, and then getting the patient
medically cared for within 3 hours, which is tough.

RECOGNIZING A STROKE
Remember the “3″ steps, **STR **. Read and Learn! **Sometimes symptoms of a stroke are difficult to identify. Unfortunately, the lack of awareness spells disaster. The stroke victim may suffer severe brain damage when people nearby fail to recognize the symptoms of a stroke. Now doctors say a bystander can recognize a stroke by asking three simple questions:

S ** Ask the individual to *SMILE
T ** Ask the person to *TALK *to *SPEAK A SIMPLE** **SENTENCE *(Coherently)
(eg “It is sunny out today”). *
R ** Ask him or her to *RAISE **BOTH ARMS *. *

NOTE **: Another ‘sign’ of a stroke is this: Ask the person to ‘stick’ out their tongue. If the tongue is ‘crooked’, if it goes to one side or the other that is also an indication of a stroke. **If he or she has trouble with ANY ONE of these tasks, call medical help **immediately! ! **and describe the symptoms to the doctor.

A cardiologist says if everyone who gets this e-mail sends it to 10 people; you can bet that at least one life will be saved.

From the 120 contestants from all over the world, 48 were first short listed, then 24 were again sorted out from them. Then the real battle began, week after week contestants were voted out. Before the final battle watch the exclusive journey of the three tiger cubs on Friday 12th of October at 10p.m. only on ZEE TV.

The 14 wonderful finalists who made it to the last battle were Abhijit, Apurva, Harpreet , Joy, Junaid, Maulvi, Musarrat, Nirupama, Poonam, Rimi, Sumedha, Raja Hassan, Amanat Ali and Aneek Dhar. Amongst them also the three to make it to the final battle are Raja Hassan, Amanat Ali and Aneek Dhar. All three are very close contenders and are fighting hard to win the coveted title. Now lets see a close profile of our three finalists.

Amanat Ali is of 19 yrs and has come all the way from Failslabad, Pakistan but was selected from the Dubai Audition. He belongs to the YALGAR gharana and is one of the strongest and loved contestants in the show. He is an ardent fan of Nusrat Fatah Ali Khan Sahib and once got the opportunity to perform in front of him where the later was so impressed he gave him a Rs.500 as a prize which he still treasures. This has been one of the best memories with him. He is also fond of playing Cricket and snooker.

Aneek Dhar has come from Kolkata and is 18 yrs of age. He belongs to the ROCK gharana headed by Himesh Reshammiya. He has already won the Saregamapa Bangla contest. He is very fond of listening to music and also loves playing cricket. He had started taking music lessons at the very tender age of 4.

Raja Hassan is the most loved and popular contenders on the show. He is 26 yrs of age and comes from Bikaner, Rajasthan. He belongs to the HIT squad of Vishal & Shekhar. His journey from bikaner to saregamapa has been amazing. First he belonged to the Eklavya gharana then got selected for the Hit Squad but was eliminated. Again he got chance in the Bramhastra Round and made a come back and since then has become the hot favorites amongst the mentors and public at large.

As we all know, the show SA RE GA MA PA is the first of its kind of musical reality show. It has produced some great achievers in the field of playback music like Avdhoot Gupte (who have sung popular songs like ‘Jai Maharashtra Maza’, ‘Meri Madhubala’, ‘Aika Dajiba’ and ‘Mere Saath chal’), Shreya Ghoshal (given songs to movies like Jism, Main Hoon Na, Munnabhai MBBS, Julie etc.), Sanjeevani Bhelande (movies include Kareeb, kya dil ne kaha, road, rules, soch na tha etc.) and of course the “Murder” fame singer Kunal Ganjawala (who has sung for musafir, kyon ho gaya na etc.).

This series of SA RE GA MA PA has many new elements in it. Firstly, it has gone global with contestants from all over Asia, Africa, America and Europe. Hence the title “Sangeet ka Pratham Vishwa Yudh”. Secondly, the show has gone beyond participants to the four powerhouse mentors who will also be competing with each other. They are the very popular Himesh Reshammiya with the distinctive high pitched voice, the duo of Vishal & Shekhar who have recently rocked the music industry with their combination of Indian sound with techno music, Ismail Darbar who turned from a successful violinist to a super successful music director and Bappi Lahiri who is the only man who have sung both with Kishore Kumar and K K Menon. Thirdly and lastly the young dashing and melodious cub Aditya Udit Narayan, who has added a different and hip color to the show with his new and refreshing look and the cargos and jeans.

The four mentors each have a gharana and the participants under them are known from their respected gharana names. Vishal & Shekahar leads the HIT SQUAD, Himesh Reshammiya guides the ROCK gharana while Ismail Darbar commands the YALGAR gharana and lastly the JOSH gharana is headed by Bappi Lahiri.

The participants selected for HIT squad included Apurva (Mumbai), Imran Aslam (South Africa), Junaid Sheikh (Karachi, Pak), Meghna Verma (Pune), Saberi B(Kolkata), Raja Hassan (Bikaner), Sarika Singh (Indore) and Harpreet Deol (Ludhiana).

The ROCK band consisted of Amrita Chatterjee (Kolkata), Musarrat Abbas (Lahore, Pak), Nirupama Dey (Agartala), Shreshtha B (Kolkata), Yodendra Pathak (London), Joy Chakraborty (Lumding), Tushar Sinha (Silchar) and Aneek Dhar (Kolkata).

YALGAR gharana embraced Amanat Ali (Dubai), DeshGaurav (Pratapgarh), Poonam Jatau (Lucknow), Rimi Dhar (Jabalpur), Wasi Effendi (Karachi, Pak) and Jyoti Mishra (Azamgarh, UP).

The JOSH gharana had Abhijit Kosambi (Mumbai), Maulvi Dave (Houston, USA), Reecha Tripathy (Canada), Sikander Ali (Karachi, Pak), Sunil Kumar (Sundernagar), Sumedha Karmahe (Rajnandgaon) and Koel Chatterjee (Dhanbad, Jharkhand).

The Mentors are each experienced and master in their own technical ways. In the guidance and support of such great people the participants are here to polish and refine their skills and win the hearts of the people around the globe. Their job is to design the art but the building and construction solely depends on the participants. Ultimately its the hard work that pays off.

Bappi Lahiri or Bappida as he is fondly called and is always recognized for his adorned jewelery which includes pendants and rings of astrological and religious values. He is the son of the veteran classical singer Bansari and Aparesh Lahiri. He was only three when he started to play the tabla. He came to Bollywood at a very tender age of 19 and bagged his first opportunity in a Bengali film named ‘Daadu’ in the year 1972 and in the same year also did a hindi movie called ‘Nanha Shikari’. But came to be known after the hindi film ‘Zakhmee’ for which he not only composed music but also gave his voice as a playback singer. He also sung ‘Nothing is Impossible’ with Mohamed Rafi and Kishore Kumarfor the same film. Then his songs for the film ‘Chalte Chalte’ became a rage.

There is something about Bappida’s music, they have an element of spark in them and that gives him the edge. He is the pioneer of the disco music in Indian tadka to our film industry. Last year he for the very first time lend his voice to another composer Vishal & Shekahr for the movie Taxi Number 9211 and the song was ‘Boombai Nagariya’ which became an instant hit. After that once again he lent his voice and this time to the very famous A.R.Rahman for the movie ‘Guru’. He has composed music for more than 380 films which is just unbelievable and is the only man to have sung with both K K Memon and Kishore Kumar. Some of his remarkable works are in Aap ki khatir (1977), Tere pyar mein (1978), Dil se mile dil (1978), Surakshaa (1979), Namak Halaal (1982), Disco Dancer (1983), Prem Yog (1994), Big Boss (1995), Bombay Girls (2001), Maine Gandhi Ko Nahin Mara (2005) and the list continues.

Himesh Reshammiya primarily a music director but became famous later for his unusual nasal vocals. He started his career earlier with a production house which aired TV soaps on Doordarshan and Zee TV. He was first noticed for his work in film ‘Pyar kiya to darna kya’in 1998 though his first film as a music director was ‘Bandhan’. Then he came up with his albums “Tere Naam”, “Ashiq Banaya aapne” which sold like hot cakes and beat all the numbers in the charts. His music breathes fresh air and connects with the youth naturally. His versatile nature of work has given him the attention that he deserves. Apart from fusion and heavy metal styles he also successfully gives classical and semi-classical music too. Sameer has been his lyricist for most of his films.

He is considered one of the best upcoming music composers of today. He is the first Indian to perform at Webley Arena, London. He was also awarded the Best Male Playback Singer Filmfare Award for the year 2005 setting a record for becoming the first ever music composer to receive that award. In a single year of 2006 he had more than 36 hit tracks. Some of his memorable works are in Aashiq Banaya Aapne (2005), Banaras- A mystic love story (2006), 36 China Town (2006), Phir Hera Pheri (2006), Chup Chup Ke (2006), Ahista Ahista (2006) and Dil Diya Hai (2006). Also some of his hot favorite songs are Chura liya hai tumne, Taaza Taaza, Ankhen Bandh Karke, O Soniya, Mohabbat Hai Mirchi, Nikkama Kiya Is Dil Ne and Gela Gela.

Ismail Darbar has been a violinist for 14 long years and was working with almost all music directors. Here he observed the work of his masters and his ambition became to be a independent music director. As a boy from surat he was very attracted to music and so came to Mumbai at a age of 14 and strated learning violin from Pt. Ram Prasad Sharma and Shri Ganesh. His work in Sanjay Leela Bhansali’s film “Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam” surprised everyone and this was his first brush with fame. The quality of his work is so awesome and extraordinarily original that it seems unbelievable. He is a very humble man and with these qualities he is giving his contenders a run for their money.

Some of his remarkable work includes Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam (1999), Tera Jadoo Chal Gaya (2000), Devdas (2002), Shakti –The Power (2002), Baaz (2003), Kisna (2005), Mehbooba (2006) and Oldd iss Goldd (2007).

Vishal and Shekhar who compromises the HIT squad in this challenge, rose to popularity after their hit song ‘Saaki’ and ‘Door Se Paas’. However they got noticed only after ‘Jhankar Beats’ and also received the Filmfare RDBurman Award for New Music Talent for the same movie. Now they are ruling the music charts with their new film ‘Om Shanti Om’. Vishal is also a member of the electronic Band Pentagram which he started in 1993.

Their musical scores are a good combination of Techno music with Indian sounds. Some of their fine works include Jhankar Beats (2003), Dus(2005), Salam Namaste (2005), Ek Ajnabee (2005), Bluffmaster (2005), Taxi Number 9211 (2006), Honeymoon Travels Pvt. Ltd. (2007) and Ta Ra Rum Pum (2007).

The final war has started and is fierce than ever seen on the show, all are equally good, but before the judgment, lets give these contenders our hearty warm wishes and of course votes. So keep voting for your favorite until they win. And yes, don’

But have you ever heard electricity through Human Excreta!

Cautious to know about it!!! Read the article below.

A device has been developed that helps generate electricity through a source considered to be the worst and never given a thought as an electricity-producing source-human faeces. Researchers from U.S Based Pennsylvania State University have developed an electricity generator that is fuelled by human waste. This

So called electrical generator is know as microbial fuel cell.

Now let me explain what the heck this Microbial fuel cell is!

A microbial fuel cell is a device that converts chemical energy to electrical energy by the catalytic reaction of microorganisms. A typical microbial fuel cell consists of anode and cathode compartments separated by a caution specific membrane. In the anode compartment, fuel is oxidized by microorganisms, generating electrons and protons. Electrons are transferred to the cathode compartment through an external electric circuit, and the protons are transferred to the cathode compartment through the membrane. Electrons and protons are consumed in the cathode compartment, combining with oxygen to form water. In general, there are two types of microbial fuel cell, mediator and mediator-less microbial fuel cell. Biological fuel cells take glucose and methanol from food scraps and convert it into hydrogen and food for the bacteria.

Now how is this Electricity generated???

When micro-organisms consume a substrate such as sugar in aerobic conditions they produce carbon dioxide and water. However when oxygen is not present they produce carbon dioxide, protons and electrons as described below:

C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ + 13H₂O —> 12CO₂ + 48H⁺ + 48e^-

Microbial fuel cells use inorganic mediators to tap into the electron transport chain of cells and steal the electrons that are produced. The mediator crosses the outer cell lipid membranes and plasma wall; it then begins to liberate electrons from the electron transport chain that would normally be taken up by oxygen or other intermediates. The now-reduced mediator exits the cell laden with electrons that it shuttles to an electrode where it deposits them; this electrode becomes the electro-generic anode (negatively charged electrode). The release of the electrons means that the mediator returns to its original oxidised state ready to repeat the process. It is important to note that this can only happen under anaerobic conditions, if oxygen is present then it will collect all the electrons as it has a greater electronegativity than the mediator. This is the principle behind generating a flow of electrons from most micro-organisms. In order to turn this into a usable supply of electricity this process has to be accommodated in a fuel cell.

In order to generate a useful current it is necessary to create a complete circuit, not just shuttle electrons to a single point. The mediator and micro-organism, in this case yeast, are mixed together in a solution to which is added a suitable substrate such as glucose. This mixture is placed in a sealed chamber to stop oxygen entering, thus forcing the micro-organism to use anaerobic respiration

An electrode is placed in the solution that will act as the anode as described previously. In the second chamber of the MFC is another solution and electrode. This electrode, called the cathode is positively charged and is the equivalent of the oxygen sink at the end of the electron transport chain, only now it is external to the biological cell. The solution is an oxidizing agent that picks up the electrons at the cathode. As with the electron chain in the yeast cell, this could be a number of molecules such as oxygen. However, this is not particularly practical as it would require large volumes of circulating gas. A more convenient option is to use a solution of a solid oxidizing agent. Connecting the two electrodes is a wire (or other electrically conductive path which may include some electrically powered device such as a light bulb) and completing the circuit and connecting the two chambers is a salt bridge or ion-exchange membrane. This last feature allows the protons produced, as described in Eq. to pass from the anode chamber to the cathode chamber. The reduced mediator carries electrons from the cell to the electrode. Here the mediator is oxidized as it deposits the electrons. These then flow across the wire to the second electrode, which acts as an electron sink. From here they pass to an oxidising material.

Now in which field is this master piece used??? Let’s check out from below!

Power generation

Microbial fuel cells have a number of potential uses. The first and most obvious is harvesting the electricity produced for a power source. Virtually any organic material could be used to ‘feed’ the fuel cell. MFCs could be installed to waste water treatment plants. The bacteria would consume waste material from the water and produce supplementary power for the plant. The gains to be made from doing this are that MFCs are a very clean and efficient method of energy production. A fuel cell’s emissions are well below regulations (16). MFCs also use energy much more efficiently than standard combustion engines which are limited by the Carnot Cycle. In theory a MFC is capable of energy efficiency far beyond 50%(17). However MFCs do not have to be used on a large scale, it has even been suggested that MFCs could be implanted in the body to be employed as a power source for a pacemaker, a micro sensor or a micro actuator. The MFC would take glucose from the blood stream or possibly other substrates contained in the body and use this to generate electricity to power these devices (18). The advantages to using a MFC in this situation as opposed to a normal battery is that it uses a renewable form of energy and would not need to be recharged like a standard battery would. In addition to this they could also be built very small, and they operate well in mild conditions, 20°C to 40°C and also at pH of around 7(19).

Further Uses

The electricity from the fuel cells could be harnessed for use by applications such as EcoBots, Gastro bots and Biosensors

Since the current generated from a microbial fuel cell is directly proportional to the strength of wastewater used as the fuel, an MFC can be used to measure the strength of wastewater [Kim, B. H., Chang, I. S., Gil, G. C., Park, H. S. and Kim, H. J. (2003) Novel BOD (biological oxygen demand) sensor using mediator-less microbial fuel cell. Biotechnology Letters, 25, 541-545.] The strength of wastewater is commonly evaluated as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) values. BOD values are determined incubating samples for 5 days with proper source of microbes; usually activate sludge collected from sewage works. When BOD values are used as a real time control parameter, 5 days’ incubation is too long. An MFC-type BOD sensor can be used to measure real time BOD values. Oxygen and nitrate are preferred electron acceptors over the electrode reducing current generation from an MFC. An MFC-type BOD sensors underestimate BOD values in the presence of these electron acceptors. This can be avoided inhibiting aerobic and nitrate respirations in the MFC using terminal oxydase inhibitors such as cyanide and azide [Chang, I. S., Moon, H., Jang, J. K. and Kim, B. H. (2005) Improvement of a microbial fuel cell performance as a BOD sensor using respiratory inhibitors. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 20, 1856-1859.] This type of BOD sensor is commercially available.

Now who invented this master piece??? Your answers are below…

At the turn of the last century, the idea of using microbial cells in an attempt to produce electricity was first conceived. M. C. Potter was the first to perform work on the subject in 1912(10). A professor of botany at the University of Durham Potter managed to generate electricity from E. Coli; however the work was not to receive any major coverage. In 1931 however Barnet Cohen drew more attention to the area when he created a number of microbial half fuel cells that, when connected in series, were capable of producing over 35 volts, though only with a current of 2 milliamps (11). More work on the subject came with a study by DelDuca et al. who used hydrogen produced by the fermentation of glucose by Clostridium butyricum as the reactant at the anode of a hydrogen and air fuel cell.

Unfortunately, though the cell functioned it was found to be unreliable due to the unstable nature of the hydrogen production from the micro-organisms (12). Although this issue was later resolved in work by Suzuki et al. in 1976(13) the current design concept of a MFC came into existence a year later with work once again by Suzuki (14). Even by the time of Suzuki’s work in the late seventies little was understood about how these microbial fuel cells functioned, however the idea was picked up and studied later in more detail first by MJ Allen and then later by H. Peter Bennetto both from King’s College London. Bennetto saw the fuel cell as a possible method for the generation of electricity for third world countries. His work, starting in the early 1980s helped build an understanding of how fuel cells operate and until his retirement was seen by many as the foremost authority on the subject. It is now known that electricity can be produced directly from the degradation of organic matter in a microbial fuel cell, although the exact mechanisms of the process are still to be fully understood. Like a normal fuel cell an MFC has both an anode and a cathode chamber. The anaerobic anode chamber is connected internally to the cathode chamber by an ion exchange membrane; the circuit is completed by an external wire.

In May of 2007, the University of Queensland, Australia, completed its prototype MFC, as a cooperative effort with Fosters Brewing Company. The prototype, a 10 liter design, converts the brewery waste water into carbon dioxide, clean water, and electricity. With the prototype proven successful, plans are in effect to produce a 660 gallon version for the brewery, which is estimated to produce 2 kilowatts of power. While it is a negligible amount of power, the production of clean water is of utmost importance to Australia, which is experiencing its worst drought in over 100 years.

From concentration we actually mean that the person having concentration has the ability to focus on any work he is wants to do.

The man who has daily inured himself to habits of concentrated attention, energetic volition and self-denial in unnecessary things will stand like a tower when everything rocks around him and when his softer fellow-mortals are winnowed like chaff in the blast.

Concentration on your Higher Self (the soul within) will endorse detachment and detachment will lead to power.

It is of the utmost value to learn how to concentrate. To make the greatest success of anything you must be able to concentrate your entire thought upon the idea you are working on. The person that is able to concentrate utilizes all salubrious thoughts and shuts out all detrimental ones. The greatest man would accomplish nothing if he lacked concentration.

In another words concentration is necessary to consummate or accomplish anything in life.

Most people have the habit of forgetting thing! Now why do they they forget?

The reason is that they are mentally disturbed and mentally shaky and not systematic because they lack concentration. Thus, concentration is the best mental exercise as it regulates our mind and completely change our thoughts and give relaxation to our brain. Meditation and yoga are done to enhance the concentration of our mind.

Success in life presupposes the power of concentration. Just as a magnet draws to itself iron filings and not rice grains, so too, the quality of our focused thoughts will create a dynamic but silent power within that will find us placed in situations akin to the nature of our thoughts.

If we think ‘ good health ‘ and with faith and belief embed this deeply within our minds over a sustained period of time, we will gradually create for ourselves postures and an environment, which will be conducive to good health . Yet as we understand the workings of this power , it is essential that we not perversion power and that we be more involved in purifying our desires so that all that we seek only be bathed in the hue of wisdom and righteousness. Before we choose we always have an option, but once chosen, each action will bring forth a concomitant reaction.

Everyone has talent hidden in them. Concentration invokes these talents and nurtures it.

Each of us is born with a certain degree of latent developed concentration, but the more we are aware of the existence of this power, and the more we seek to consciously use it, the more will we actually develop it. Men of success are men of concentration. Nothing of essence in life is achieved without concentration.

Be it in prayer, business, sport, art, or healing, concentration is the real key which helps one harness one’s inner divine potential. Concentration aids you in drawing more of the life energy into your physical self and thereby raising your level of existence to higher layers of awareness. As you spiritualise your consciousness through Guru-channeled techniques of concentration, your energy pattern becomes more vibrant and pure, ushering all round tranquility and calmness into the temple of your mind.

With good concentration one can fulfill a task in virtually half the time and with double the preciseness of an average person. Paramahansa Yogananda said that we should do our interesting and enjoyable duties with all our heart and the uninteresting ones with our deepest attention. As we concentrate with will power on the task at hand, we learn to shut out unnecessary disturbing thoughts, doing nothing haphazardly.

The mind thereby attains the ability to be one-pointed. The greatest power, remember always, is lodged in the fine, never in the coarse.

When one is able to lift a heavy object with muscles flexing, we appreciate the physical strength and the look and feel of the muscular part, but we must remind ourselves that the power to lift comes not from the muscles but from the life energy within, which in turn is drawn by the power of will and concentration. The greater the will and the more focused one’s thoughts, the greater will be the inflow of the life force.

Each thought that we think forms a pattern in our brain cell grooves. These patterns then determine what our future patterns of existence will be. If we wish to change the nature of the existent (past) patterns or if we seek to create desired patterns (circumstances) it is vital to understand the workings of the science of concentration. Though any sincere practice in concentration may seem arduous and boring at the outset, after some time, internal interest is definitely developed.

The platitude before the flowering is only natural as new forms of mental thought seek to erase typical thought habits of the past. Evil and harmful habits are what we have gifted ourselves through concentrating repeatedly on the wrong thought patterns and now if we are to be rid of them, it is necessary to concentrate on the opposite. For example, if we have a habit of biting our nails, we must concentrate on seeing ourselves as living without any trace (even in imagination) of that habit. We must see only the goal, and the obstacles will fall off by themselves. With the coming of His Divine light, the darkness of eons can melt away.

Benefits of Concentration:

Through concentration, one can draw to the surface, the repository of experiences submerged in the subconscious mind.

Comprehensive development of the subconscious mind will relieve

Concentration implies great self-control

A mind that becomes concentrated enters a new province.

Alas, I would like to conclude that:-

As one advances in one’s realisation and experiences the benefits of concentration, one hardly wants to abandon its practice. Spiritual techniques in concentration take one to the threshold of supreme joy, divine strength, deeper knowledge, and high levels of intuition. Ultimately success in profound concentration is a pre-requisite for success in communion with the omniscient Spirit.

Since the beginning of time, energy has pervaded on earth. Man has used this energy and created wonders. Due to the hike in amelioration of scince and technology we have forgot that energy resources are depleting day by day due to certain factors such as overpopulation. We need to conserve energy resources for future use as it takes millions of years for them to revive.

Now, what is energy? Energy is the ability to do any work. . We need energy for assortment of purposes. One cannot live without energy as it has a great relevance in one’s life. We need energy to perform varies functions and also needed by devices.

There are many types of energy. People and other things can run out of energy (e.g. a marathon runner) in which case they can no longer have the ability to do work. In a mechanical situation, if a machine has energy it has the ability to apply a force to another body.

There are many different forms of energy and there are many different places by which energy can be gathered. Forms of energy include: Potential energy, kinetic energy, gravitational l energy, and there are many more. Energy can be gathered in many ways using our natural recourses from the environment, for example: solar energy (from the sun) and hydroelectricity (where electricity is gathered by rushing water)

Potential energy is the energy possessed by a body due to its position, shape, condition or state. Kinetic energy is energy possessed by body due to its motion.

Hydroelectricity is when electricity is generated by rotating coils of wire (rotors) between the poles of a magnet. The rotors are turned by rushing water falling over them. In a hydroelectric plant, water in usually stored in a dam.

As the water falls down and rushes over the vanes connected to the rotors it looses gravitational potential energy and gains kinetic energy. As the metal wire rotates around the magnet it generates electricity which is then sent along power lines to all areas of the city or town. Solar energy is the energy which we get from the sun. Wind energy is the energy which we collect from wind using wind mills to generate electricity.

The energy from natural resources such as sun, wind, water are available on a large scale and should be used.

Conservation of energy also has another meaning and that is to ‘save’ energy. As the natural energy sources become scarcer it is important to learn how to save energy. Nowadays devices such as solar cells, solar cell panel, and solar heater, dryer are available which use solar energy to perform their functions. They should be used as a lot of electricity is saved. These devices have the ability to convert the incoming sun rays into electricity.

It is the time when all people should realize that energy should be saved as it is depleting day by day and we should all try to conserve the energy as: “Energy saved is the Energy produced”.

During this period colonies stormed into a revolutionary war against the British for imposing taxes on the so found new Continent and formed a single nation known as USA (United States of America) between 1775-1783. Alas, British were defeated and the colonies were declared independence. This revolution completely transcended America’s future.

Origination

The continent of America was found by Christopher Columbus a after a long search. It was founded in 1492. People from across the world were attracted to this new world and thus long migration took place.

People from Holland, England started migrating. The first settlers are believed to be Pilgrim Fathers who settled in the eastern coast of America. By the middle of 18th century America was divided into 13 colonies thus many people migrated here and settled into these colonies.

Countries like Spain and France established colonies in Northern and Central America and South America. Landless peasants’ traders settled here and became independent workers or industrialists. Slaves or workers were also employed in large numbers in industries and were paid low wages.

As people started settling in this new world, Kings especially of Britain suffered loss due to low taxes; therefore King of Britain started imposing taxes on the colonies. This was not liked by the colonies and they subjected Britain’s interference in their personal matter.

They also termed it illegal and said that no taxes could be imposed without the cumulative voting of the people of the parliament.. The revolutionary epoch began in 1763 when the militia commination to the colonies from France ended. Thus the idea of setting up an autonomous nation soon turned into a revolutionary war.

Boston Tea Party

All taxes except on tea were removed after a long term agitation by the people. The tax on tea was a spark that rapidly ignited the revolution. The English East India Company was cancelable to import tea without any duty.

The tea which was known as Indian Darjeeling tea was exported by the British. Infuriated with this in 1773 the people of Boston led by Samuel Adams dressed as Mohawk Indians marched towards the port.

They unloaded 342 chests of tea and extruded it into the ocean. This calamity came to be known as Boston Tea Party and. This event spread like fire and became one of the immediate causes for the revolution. The British government closed the port of Boston and the EEIC had to suffer a huge loss.

The Revolution

The representatives of colonies met in 1774 in Philadelphia and appealed King George 3 for imposing taxes on them. But their appeal was not accepted and instead the king sent his soldiers to collect taxes and teach them a lesson.

The colonies used local militia to fight the kings’ army and the first battle of Revolution was fought in 1775 in Bunker Hall.
After the war the colonies met again and adopted the declaration of independence. The colonies decided to fight for their right to be an independent nation, when the colonies rebelled and fought battles they united and formed their nation- The United States Of America.

The forces were led by George Washington and many battles were fought. Finally the british forces were defeated by militia men. The revolution was supported by France Spain and Holland.